What does 'groupthink' refer to in decision-making?

Groupthink refers to a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony and conformity in a group leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcomes. In situations where groupthink is present, individuals prioritize consensus over critical analysis, which can stifle creativity, suppress dissenting viewpoints, and lead to inadequate solutions.

This occurs because members may feel pressure to align with the majority opinion, fear of conflict, or a sense of loyalty to the group, resulting in a lack of thorough evaluation of alternatives and the neglect of potential risks. Understanding groupthink is essential in decision-making processes, as recognizing and mitigating its effects can help foster a more open environment where diverse opinions are encouraged, ultimately leading to better decisions.

The other options suggest strategies that contribute positively to decision-making, contrasting with the inherently detrimental nature of groupthink.